Immunity,And How Does It Actually Work In The Human Body

                                                  #Types of Immunity#

Immunity refers to the body's ability to resist or eliminate potentially harmful foreign invaders such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites and toxins.  Immunity is vital for survival, as it protects the human body from infections, diseases and even the development of cancer cells.Immunity in the human body is broadly classified into two types: **Innate Immunity** and **Adaptive (or Acquired) Immunity**. **Innate Immunity**These components respond quickly to pathogens—often within minutes or hours. For example, if bacteria enter through a cut, neutrophils rush to the site and engulf and destroy the invaders through a process called **phagocytosis**. **Adaptive Immunity**The key role in adaptive immunity is played by **lymphocytes**, primarily **B cells** and **T cells**.Once the immune system has responded to a particular pathogen, it retains a memory of it. This means that if the same pathogen attacks again, the immune system can respond more quickly and effectively, often preventing disease. This is the principle behind **vaccination**, where exposure to a weakened or inactivated form of a pathogen trains the immune system to recognize and fight it in the future.

               #How Immunity Works Step by Step#

Here is a simplified step-by-step description of how immunity works when a pathogen enters the body: **Pathogen Recognition**Specialized cells called **dendritic cells** and **macrophages** recognize molecules found in many pathogens (known as PAMPs—pathogen-associated molecular patterns). **Initial Response and Inflammation**These cells then initiate an inflammatory response, which includes the release of chemical signals such as **cytokines** and **histamine**. These signals attract other immune cells to the site of infection and increase blood flow, causing redness, swelling, and warmth. **Antigen Presentation** **Activation of T and B Cells**.






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